Basics
How do I get to Australia?
Though it may be far, Australia is well-connected with frequent direct flights from major global cities. Its busiest international airports include Sydney (SYD) and Melbourne (MEL), particularly for first-time visitors, and Brisbane (BNE) and Perth (PER), which serve as gateways to other popular destinations. If visiting from North America, you can find direct flights from cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco, Dallas, and Vancouver, while Europeans often fly through hubs like London, Frankfurt, and Paris.
Major airlines serving Australia from the US are Qantas, United, American, Delta, and Hawaiian Air, while Air Canada operates from Canada. Travelers from Europe have several airline options, though direct flights are limited. British Airways operates a one-stop route from London Heathrow to Sydney, transiting through Singapore. While European carriers like Virgin Atlantic and Austrian Airlines have historically operated routes to Australia, current services may vary. For those coming from nearby regions, short-haul flights are readily available from New Zealand and Southeast Asia, particularly Singapore.
How do I get around Australia?
Given the country's remote nature and large size, it's common for visitors to want to explore more than one region. How you get around Australia depends on the regions you want to explore and the time you have available.
By plane
As travelers typically explore more than one region when they visit, flying is the fastest and best option for covering large distances between cities and states. Whether it be a 5.5-hour flight from Perth in Western Australia to Cairns in Queensland or a 2.5-hour flight from Sydney in New South Wales to Melbourne in Victoria, airlines like Qantas, Virgin Australia, Jetstar, and Rex operate frequent domestic routes connecting the entirety of the country. Regional flights also make it easy to access more remote areas like the Red Centre's Alice Springs and Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park.
By car or campervan/motorhome
If you have more time to spare, road trips are a popular way to get off the beaten path and discover more of Australia beyond the urban centers. Australia's highways are well-maintained, and iconic routes like the Great Ocean Road or the Pacific Coast Highway are a couple of examples well worth anyone's time. Motorhomes are particularly popular for those on a budget, saving the cost of hotel accommodation while exploring at their own pace.
"Visiting drivers" who don't hold a permanent visa can use their valid overseas driver's license (in most cases). It's a good idea to bone up on how to drive in the country, though the biggest difference for many travelers to Australia is likely that people drive on the left, sit on the right, and go in a clockwise direction in roundabouts. You'll also want to slow down for crossing wildlife if driving after dark on country roads and check if your rental has an electronic tolling device installed. If not, you may have to pay toll fees within 24 hours if you drive on a toll road (there are many).
Be aware of long distances and always prepare for remote travel with ample supplies and gas.
By train
Long-distance rail journeys across the continent still exist, but due to the country's size and the limited reach of its rail network, train travel is best suited for specific routes or as a leisurely way to explore scenic regions. Iconic trains like The Ghan and the Indian Pacific (see this transcontinental trip) provide luxury, all-inclusive service and are more about the experience than efficiency, featuring comfortable sleeper cabins, fine dining, and off-train excursions over 3-5 days.
Meanwhile, regional train services are also available but may not cover all destinations (or take longer than if you were to drive; see NSW TrainLink that runs from Sydney to Brisbane), particularly remote areas, including much of Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and the outback. If you plan to explore these regions, you'll need to rely on flights, buses, or driving.
By bus
Long-distance buses like Greyhound Australia are a budget-friendly option connecting cities and regional towns. They offer comfortable seating, WiFi, and flexible travel passes, a convenient choice for backpackers and budget-conscious travelers who have more time to play with, as well as for those who'd like to sit back and take in the scenery without getting behind the wheel. That said, routes are limited and sometimes costlier than flying. Still, a popular bus option for visitors is from Melbourne to Cairns, with many stops en route for exploration (you'll want to look into Greyhound Australia's Whimit pass).
By ferry
In Sydney, ferries can be a practical way to get around (in nicer, calmer weather) and are a part of the public transit system; they also offer classic views of the Sydney Opera House and Harbour Bridge. Island destinations such as Tasmania and Kangaroo Island are best accessed by ferry if you plan on driving. The Spirit of Tasmania ferry to/from Melbourne is a great way to bring your vehicle along, though the ride is 9.5 hours (compared to the just-over-an-hour flight). The SeaLink service to Kangaroo Island is another popular option and takes about 45 minutes (while a flight from Adelaide takes 30).
Meanwhile, ferries from Fremantle, Hillarys, or Perth are the only way to reach Rottnest Island (famous for its quokkas), and ferries from Rainbow Beach or Hervey Bay are the only way to reach UNESCO-listed Fraser Island, famed for its sand dunes, freshwater lakes, and rainforest trails.
Public transport in cities
Australia's major cities have efficient public transport networks, including trains, trams, buses, and ferries, with trains generally being a good option to avoid city traffic. Sydney's Opal card, Melbourne's Myki card, and Brisbane's Go card are used for seamless access across different modes of transport—ideal for exploring city centers and the suburbs.
What's the currency in Australia?
The currency in Australia is the Australian dollar, symbolized as $ and abbreviated as AUD. It's commonly referred to with the symbol "A$" to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. Notes come in denominations of $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100, while coins include 5, 10, 20, and 50 cents and $1 and $2.
Is Australia expensive?
Travel in Australia can get expensive quickly depending on how much ground you want to cover, as well as your preferences and travel style. Dining, transportation, and accommodation costs are generally more costly than they are in the US. For budget travelers, it's possible to spend around $70-100 per person per day, which includes staying in shared dorm hostels, using public transportation, and self-catering.
Mid-range travelers might expect to spend approximately $185 daily, allowing for stays in standard hotels, occasional car rentals, and dining at mid-tier restaurants. Luxury travelers seeking high-end accommodations and fine dining could spend upward of $468 per day. Car rental costs in Australia can vary depending on the type of vehicle, rental duration and location, and season. On average, renting a standard car may cost between $30 to $100 per day, excluding fuel and insurance.
What time zone is Australia in?
Australia spans several time zones: Australian Western Standard Time (AWST), Australian Central Standard Time (ACST), and Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST). Additionally, some areas observe daylight saving time (from the first Sunday in October to the first Sunday in April), so check the local time for your destination in Australia.
How big is Australia?
Australia is the world's sixth-largest country, covering approximately 2,969,907 square miles (7,692,024 sq km) and accounting for about five percent of the world's total land area. The mainland spans nearly 2,500 miles (4,000 km ) from west to east and a little less from north to south, with more than 85% of the nation's 26 million people living within 31 miles (50 km) of the coast.
Divided into six states and two territories, most visitors, particularly first-time visitors, flock to the eastern states of New South Wales (Sydney), Victoria (Melbourne), and Queensland (Brisbane, Cairns, and Great Barrier Reef) and tack on a trip to the outback to check out Uluru (Northern Territory). This classic 15-day itinerary, for example, covers Melbourne, Uluru, Cairns, and Sydney.
How many days should I spend in Australia?
How many days you should spend in the land Down Under depends largely on how you like to travel (budget and interests) and your schedule. Most kimkim travelers take 10 days covering a minimum of Sydney and 2-3 destinations, either by renting a car and focusing on a single region or hopping on a couple of domestic flights to cover a few highlights, including cities, outback, and tropical rainforests and reefs. If you like a faster-paced trip, two weeks can get you to 10 destinations, or slow down and enjoy 2-3 days in five locales.
Five days to a week can be a great sampler of 1-2 areas that are in close proximity, like Brisbane and Gold Coast, or 2-3 spots that are farther away, like Exmouth and Perth, and involve some travel time.
For more on how many days to spend in Australia, read this article.
What's the weather like in Australia year-round?
Australia's weather varies significantly across its vast regions, so it's essential to prepare for local conditions based on where you'll be visiting:
Northern Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory)
This region experiences a tropical climate with two main seasons—wet and dry. The wet season (November to April) brings high humidity, heavy rains, and potential cyclones, while the dry season (May to October) is warm and sunny with lower humidity, making it the best time to visit.
Southern Australia (New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania)
Southern areas have four distinct seasons. Summers (December to February) are warm to hot, especially inland, while coastal areas remain milder. Winters (June to August) are cool and can be rainy, particularly in Melbourne and Adelaide, with Tasmania experiencing colder temperatures and occasional snowfall in mountainous areas.
Central Australia (Outback & Red Centre)
The interior of Australia, including iconic locations like Uluru, has a desert climate with extreme temperatures. Summers can be very hot, reaching over 104°F (40°C) during the day, while winter nights (June to August) can be quite cold, often dropping below freezing.
Western Australia
Western Australia's climate varies widely by region. The north has a tropical climate similar to North Queensland, with a wet and dry season (hot, humid summers and warm, dry winters). The southwest, including Perth, enjoys a Mediterranean climate, featuring hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, while the inland areas have arid desert conditions.
Before traveling, check the forecast for specific destinations and pack accordingly for each region's unique climate. Check out Best Time of Year to Visit Australia for more information.
Is Australia a family-friendly destination?
Australia is incredibly family-friendly. Its cities and popular tourist areas are well-equipped with family-friendly accommodations, including hotels with kids' clubs, vacation rentals, and campgrounds. Public transportation is easy to use (buses and trains giving discounts of up to 50% for kids; many allow children under four or five to travel free), and many attractions offer child discounts or family passes. Restaurants often cater to kids with special menus and high chairs. See here for family-friendly itinerary ideas.
Cash & Credit
How much cash should I bring with me?
While cash is less frequently used in Australia's cities due to the popularity of contactless payment, having some cash, about AUD 300-500 for a week, can be helpful, especially in remote areas, markets, or for smaller purchases. ATMs are readily available for cash withdrawals, though some may charge a small fee for international cards.
Can I use my credit cards in Australia?
Credit and debit cards are commonly accepted throughout Australia, especially in urban areas. Visa, Mastercard, and American Express are widely used, though some smaller establishments or rural areas may prefer cash or only accept certain card types. It's advisable to carry a small amount of local currency (AUD) for smaller purchases or if a vendor doesn't accept cards.
Notifying your bank before traveling is also a good idea to avoid potential card issues while abroad.
Tipping
Is there a tipping culture in Australia?
Tipping isn't customary in Australia, as fair wages are typically provided across industries. While tipping isn't expected, a 10% tip is appreciated in high-end restaurants, especially if you receive exceptional service. Rounding up the fare for taxi drivers and leaving small change for service workers is polite but optional.
Food & Drink
What's the food like in Australia?
Australia's food scene is diverse. You'll find everything from Aussie staples like meat pies, a favorite savory pastry filled with minced meat and gravy; Vegemite on toast; barbecued sausages ("snags"); and lamingtons, a classic dessert of sponge cake coated in chocolate and coconut to influences from Italian, Greek, Asian, and Middle Eastern dishes. Seafood is a highlight, with dishes like barramundi, prawns, and oysters, especially along the coasts. Indigenous flavors are also gaining recognition, with bush tucker ingredients like wattleseed, finger lime, and kangaroo meat appearing on modern menus.
As for drinks, the country has a thriving coffee culture that goes far beyond your standard drip-brew. The flat white—a silky, microfoam-topped espresso drink—may be its most iconic contribution to the coffee world. Cities like Melbourne and Sydney are particularly renowned for their café culture, with countless options ranging from hip neighborhood spots to artisanal coffee roasters. Tea is also popular, with many locals enjoying a morning "cuppa" or ice tea on hot days. For something refreshing, try a ginger beer, which is widely available and often homemade in regional areas.
Also known for its wine, with world-famous regions like the Barossa Valley, Hunter Valley, and Margaret River producing excellent shiraz, chardonnay, and other varieties. Beer lovers will find plenty of craft breweries alongside iconic Aussie brands like Victoria Bitter (VB) and XXXX Gold. Additionally, creative cocktails featuring local spirits—like gin infused with native botanicals—are gaining popularity. Nonalcoholic options include kombucha, fresh fruit juices, and uniquely Australian sodas like lemon, lime, and bitters.
How easy is it to travel in Australia with dietary restrictions?
Australia is food allergy friendly, and most restaurants can accommodate dietary restrictions, including gluten-free, vegan, vegetarian, and dairy-free options. Larger cities tend to offer the most variety, while rural areas may have more limited options, so you'll want to plan ahead and perhaps shop for groceries prior to venturing outside of urban areas.
Is the water safe to drink in Australia?
Tap water is safe to drink in most parts of Australia. However, it's a good idea to carry bottled water in rural areas or on tours in remote regions. Hydration is essential, especially in the hotter, drier climates of the outback and northern areas.
What kind of hours are restaurants open?
Restaurants and cafés generally serve lunch from 11:30 am to 2 pm and dinner from 6 pm to 9 pm, with some cafés also open for breakfast around 7 am to 10 am. Pubs and casual dining spots may stay open beyond 9 pm, but hours vary in rural areas and on weekends, so it's helpful to check in advance.
Chat with a local specialist who can help organize your trip.
Packing
What essential items should I pack for a trip to Australia?
Packing for Australia depends on the season and regions you're visiting. In general, lightweight clothing, reef-safe sun protection, and comfortable walking shoes are essential. For cooler months or regions, bring warmer layers. Beachwear, a hat, and waterproof clothing are ideal for summer, especially in tropical areas.
Do I need to bring an electrical adapter/converter?
If you're traveling from the US, you'll likely need an electrical adapter/converter for your electronics. Australia uses Type I plugs, which have two flat pins angled at 30 degrees (creating an inverted-V configuration) and a flat earthing pin and supply a different voltage than North America (230 V/50 Hz).
I'm traveling with kids. Do I need to pack a child seat?
When traveling with kids by car, keep in mind that Australian law requires that children under six months of age be in a rear-facing safety seat; those from six months to four years are in a rear or forward-facing child seat; and those from four to seven are in a forward-facing seat or on a booster seat. Exemptions are in taxis. Car and van rental companies provide child safety seats at a cost. And if you plan on bringing your seat from home, you'll want to make sure it meets Australian safety standards, which may differ from US standards.
Safety
Is Australia a safe place to travel?
Australia is generally a very safe place to travel, with a low crime rate, friendly locals, and a strong emphasis on visitor safety. It consistently ranks among the safest countries in the world, making it an excellent destination for solo travelers, families, and groups. As in any country, it's wise to take standard precautions. Keep your belongings secure, especially in crowded areas, and avoid poorly lit or deserted spots at night.
What are the natural risks I need to be aware of?
Australia's natural environment does come with some risks. Visitors should be mindful of wildlife, including snakes (though they try to avoid you), spiders (even the less obvious ones), and box jellyfish in tropical waters. More threatening to foreign travelers than wildlife, however, are the oceans. Oceans often have powerful currents, so it's important to swim only in designated, patrolled areas. In remote areas, prepare for extreme weather, stay hydrated, always wear sun protection (reef-safe sunscreen!), and inform someone of your plans before venturing into the outback.
Are solo female travelers safe in Australia?
The country has a low crime rate, a strong rule of law, and a culture that generally supports gender equality, making it a popular choice for women traveling alone. Major cities like Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane are well-policed, have safe public transport systems, and offer a vibrant social scene where solo female travelers can explore comfortably. While petty crime such as pickpocketing can occur in crowded areas, incidents are rare, and basic precautions—like securing your belongings and staying aware of your surroundings—are usually sufficient.
Travelers should take extra care when exploring remote areas. Inform someone of your plans, avoid walking alone at night in isolated locations, and be cautious of wildlife or extreme weather. National parks and hiking trails often have good signage, and many are popular with other travelers, providing a sense of community and security. Australians are known for their friendly and welcoming nature, and solo travelers often find it easy to connect with locals and other tourists.
Is Australia an inclusive destination for LGBTQIA+ travelers?
Australia is inclusive and welcoming. Its progressive laws, vibrant LGBTQIA+ community, and strong culture of acceptance (and anti-discrimination laws) make it one of the most LGBTQIA+-friendly places to visit. Australia legalized same-sex marriage in 2017 and provides anti-discrimination protections for LGBTQIA+ individuals. Public displays of affection are generally accepted, especially in big cities which have visible and thriving LGBTQIA+ communities.
Sydney is home to the Mardi Gras Parade, a celebration of LGBTQIA+ pride that attracts visitors from around the globe. Other cities, such as Melbourne and Perth, also host pride festivals and events. LGBTQIA+-friendly bars, clubs, and social spaces are common in urban areas, particularly in neighborhoods like Sydney's Darlinghurst or Melbourne's Fitzroy. Yet, while the majority of the country is welcoming, some rural or remote areas may be less so. However, discrimination or hostility is rare, and LGBTQIA+ travelers often report feeling safe and respected.
Staying in Touch
How can I use my phone in Australia?
The easiest way to use your phone in Australia is to buy an eSIM before you arrive (if you don't already have a roaming package). First, check whether your phone is eSIM compatible. You can find a comprehensive list of devices that support eSIMS here or call your provider.
Can I buy a local SIM card in Australia?
If you don't already have an eSIM before you arrive in Australia, SIM cards are available at major airports, convenience stores, supermarkets, and mobile carrier stores such as Telstra, Optus, and Vodafone. These providers offer a variety of prepaid plans, including data-only and call/text packages, catering to both short-term visitors and long-term residents.
Due to Australia's regulations on SIM card registration, you'll typically need to provide identification, such as a passport, when purchasing a SIM card.
Is the WiFi in Australia reliable?
WiFi is widely available across Australia in hotels, cafés, and public spaces, though some rural areas may have limited connectivity. For reliable access, consider a local SIM card or eSIM for on-the-go internet.
Etiquette
Are there any etiquette rules for Australia?
Australians value personal space, friendliness, and informality. A handshake is a common greeting, and punctuality is appreciated in social and business settings. Avoid talking too loudly in public spaces, dress modestly when visiting sacred sites or engaging with local Indigenous communities, and be mindful of the country's eco-conscious practices, such as disposing of waste responsibly and respecting wildlife (driving cautiously at dawn and dusk, staying on marked trails, and avoiding touching or feeding animals).
Entry requirements
Do I need a visa to visit Australia?
US, Canadian, and many European travelers visiting Australia must apply for an Electronic Travel Authority (eTA) visa before their trip. The eTA is a digital travel authorization that can be obtained using the Australian eTA app, requires a small fee, and allows short stays of up to 90 days. The application is quick and typically processed within 24 hours. Check the Australian government's official immigration website for application details and any updated requirements.
Do I need vaccinations to visit Australia?
Ask your doctor and/or check your government's recommendation for vaccination requirements in Australia.
Travelers with Disabilities
I have a disability. Is Australia accessibility friendly?
Australia is highly accessible, with modern infrastructure, inclusive public spaces, and a range of services catering to travelers with disabilities. Major cities like Sydney and Melbourne feature wheelchair-accessible public transport, airports, and attractions, while many beaches provide accessible pathways and beach wheelchairs. Hotels and tour operators cater to varying needs with adapted accommodations and experiences, such as accessible Great Barrier Reef tours. However, rural and remote areas may pose challenges due to limited infrastructure, so advance planning is essential.